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Politics of Dissent in Israel
For Israel, Excising the Gaza Strip and West Bank of Palestinians Won't be Easy
For the un-initiated, it seems like a simple answer. Round up the Palestinians and cart them to the borders of the two main areas of dissent and dump 'em off, with the instructions, "Don't come back!"
Unfortunately for Israel, it isn't that easy. First of all, there are some disturbing reasons from the Israeli viewpoint. The Palestinian population makes up about 18% to 25% of Israel's population today. And it grows dramatically in favor of Palestinians every year. The Palestinians are outbreeding the Israelis better than two to one if not more.
Economical Pressures
The Palestinian population is serving at better than 65% of the domestic labor force -- from maids to restaurant workers, garbage collection to all other menial labor, the Palestinian population tends to be in the lowest income brackets. This doesn't mean you won't see a Palestinian in a Mercedes -- there is a small wealthy segment of Palestinians. But in the majority, the Palestinians are integrated -- albeit a shaky integration at best -- into the Israeli society by the jobs they take. The Palestinian politicos, of course, point to these statistics and claim this is just another form of Israeli oppression over the Arab. Interestingly enough, those non Jews who do not actively and visibly support the Palestinian cause, those moderate Arabs who aren't threatening to the Israelis, tend to get along quite well in many quarters of Israel as bankers, merchants and the like.
In any case, there is no litmus test for a Palestinian who should be deported other than a gun or bomb in hand. So the Israelis are faced with racial tests, religious tests or political tests to figure out who belongs and doesn't. As the reader will see, neither of these is foolproof and hardly acceptable to the governments of civilized nations, and may in fact be counter to the Israeli Constitution.
The following analysis takes the task of chasing all Palestinians out of Israel as the goal, and attempts to paint a logical and cold blooded approach an analyst must take. However, it will be clear early in the analysis that the kind of thinking necessary to arrive at solutions is not only difficult, but in many cases unconstitutional for most civilized nations.
The Racial Test
Jewish history may make it impossible for a Jewish government to discriminate against a person of a different race. The Israeli law not only forbids the government to do so, but the mindset of the Israeli people may not be able to face an emergency severance of those laws protecting such discrimination. Therefore it is hard to believe this type of litmus test would enable the Israeli government to discern who should be deported from Israel. However, taking the worst case, a case where Israeli hardliner's adopt the attitude that all non-Jews must leave, an analysis of the racial character of Israel must take place. The list below summarizes the various races found in Israel in order of numbers and attempts to see if there is any way to identify members of a particular race short of sorting by the individual's papers. Note the classification of races is not rigorous in that we are attempting to simulate how a government might attempt to identify certain races with the intent to deport them rather than a scientific analysis of each person's race. Race is not always nationality -- as in the U.S. there may be second generation Asians who were born in Israel and believe in their heart that Israel is their home.
The religious test is perhaps a littler easier test to conduct, but again, such discrimination defies the Israeli constitution. Of course, the government can always declare an emergency and legally enforce a suspension of that provision for the duration of that emergency.
Israelis, however, looking back at their own religious persecution through written history, are adamant in their enforcement of freedom of religion. There are exceptions relating to national security of course, but it is a difficult legal manner. Since there is no Palestinian religion, someone intent on figuring out who is to be ousted would face Muslim, Christians, Buddhists, and Hindus as well as various factions of each. Certainly most of the terrorists proclaim themselves as Islamic crusaders, however, there are plenty of peaceful, non threatening non-Jewish decent Muslims in Israel. Not every Muslim is a Palestinian, nor a terrorist.
The non-Jewish include Christians and Buddhists. In fact the city of Jerusalem contains holy ground and contains religious artifacts for at least three of the world's major religions. With the Israeli's national survival instinct, also comes their pride in their ability to accommodate the three religious desires by showing great patience and excellent stewardship of the religious sites. In contrast, during the years Jerusalem was held by Arab nations, the Christian and Jewish sections were desecrated almost on a daily basis.
All this leads to the conclusion that despite the most hard-line religious zealot, the most hard-line of Israeli government, the Religious test would be one of the most difficult of all to apply.
The following lists the religions and beliefs found in practice, and
the major population centers for those religions within the boundaries
of Israel. Note that MILNET does not profess to have or desire to
attract religious scholars. The objective of the table below is to
show both the diversity of religions practiced in Israel, and how difficult
it would be to discern a religion that threatens the survival of Israel,
especially if one were to assume that all non Jews were a threat.
| Name Of Religion | Practice/Beliefs | Holy Writings/
Holy Site |
Major Population Area in Israel |
| Judism | An omnipotent god who dealt directly with his people in early years
on the planet this deity created. Practice is based on various prophets
and their recorded history. His people are the chosen people and throughout
history God has protected and will continue to protect those who practice
his laws -- laws that require non-sinful daily behavior, fellowship,
and aid. Practitioners believe there will be a final day of reckoning,
in which believers will ascend to heaven, this day foretold by the arrival
of a Messiah.
The Laws of Moses are shared in teachings with Christians and to some extent Muslims. |
The Bible, (the first three divisions--the first five books--
of the Old Testament are known as the Pentateuch) writings by ancient
scholars blessed by god. Includes gods word given to Moses known
as the Ten Commandments, a set of immutable laws dealing with relations
between all peoples both in terms of personal and commercial practice.
The Bible tells of the coming of a Messiah as well as the final days of
judgment leading to ascension of believers to heaven. The talamud
is an ancient text of Jewish law. The combined text of all Jewish law,
the talamud and the bible comprises the Torah. During Jewish
religious ceremonies the a leather or parchment scroll of the Pentateuch
used in a synagogue for liturgical purposes is also called the Torah.
The city of Jerusalem has held the most recognizable temples, and well documented in the Bible, called the Temple Mount. The Temple Mount, unfortunately is on the same ground Muslims call the Noble Sanctuary. Another Jewish hold place is the Wailing Wall, a place where Jewish practitioners have mourned their dead for thousands of years. The wall is thought to be the West wall of the Temple of Solomon and is revered by Jew and Christian alike. |
Naturally practitioners of Judaism populate all areas of Israel and
include settlements in the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights as Jewish immigration
and population growth demand new places to live.
American born Jews are one of the largest continuing immigration sources. American born Jews also tend to cluster in high-tech industries, thus can be found in high tech centers such as Haifa. Orthodox Jews wear distinctive clothing, while the less orthodox may appear with only a head covering (yarmulke) to mark their religious beliefs. |
| Muslim (Islam) | Based on a single omnipotent God, called Allah. The prophet Muhammad appeared to his people and reaffirmed the rules of conduct between peoples and the Islamic Law. The Islamic religion sets out 11 Imam, descended from the first Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib. Allah revealed the holy teachings -- Qur'an --to his people, and this month is celebrated with a month long fast, Ramadaan. Ramadaan is set out in the Five Pillars of Islam, which include devotion to faith, requirements for five prayers each day, tax or donation to charity for the poor, observance of Ramadaan, and the Hajj -- pilgrimage. The Muslim religion has various factions, typically based on interpretation of the Islamic tenants. Most notable in the MidEast conflicts are the Sun'i (western spelling is Sunni) Muslim and the Shi'i (western spelling Shiite) Muslim. The followers of the Muslim religion believe that Allah will claim his true believers in a final Resurrection and they will ascend to heaven. The religion insists upon attainment of good behavior between individuals, and charity to those most needy all of which lead to a greater reward in the hereafter. | The Koran (the Holy Qu'ran) spells out the rules of conduct
as verified by the prophet Mohammad, acknowledged as the son of God.
Moses and Aaron appear in the Koran as well as the Jewish Bible. Sacred ground in Jerusalem: Haram al-Sharif, or Noble Sanctuary, which
unfortunately coincides with the Jewish Temple Mount. A most important
site is the Dome of the Rock, where Muslims believe the Prophet Muhammad
ascended to
|
The majority of Palestinians practice the Islamic religion. While scattered all through Israel, the effort to create a Palestinian homeland has centered in the two disputed areas, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights, areas won by Israeli occupation of buffer zones between the original country borders and neighboring countries who attempted invasion and destruction of Israel. A goodly number of Muslims live side by side in Israel outside of the contested regions, however, and aside from their lack of a head covering, cannot be distinguished from the practitioner of Judaism. |
| Christian | Based upon the Jewish Bible, extends the Bible -- known as the Old Testament -- with the teachings of Jesus Christ -- said to be the son of God visited upon the Earth and resurrected after being crucified by the Romans with the aid of Jewish leaders refuting he was the Son of God. Jesus anointed his 12 disciples as his chief followers and preached good deeds in the life on Earth lead to better rewards in the afterlife. The Christian religion has numerous factions within factions, principally Protestant and Catholic, however these are further split by interpretation and further claims by later prophets (for instance the Church of Christ and Latter Day Saints - The Mormons). A final day of reckoning is preached in the religion (following the Jewish beliefs), however the Christians believe Christ was the first Messiah and has fulfilled that part of the prophecy. The religion preaches following a path of good and avoiding the pitfalls of sin, which lead to a greater reward in the hereafter. | The Jewish Bible (Old Testament) and the teachings of Jesus Christ
as documented and blessed by God in the New Testament.
Moses and Aaron both appear in the Bible as well as the Muslim Koran. The New Testament documents Jesus' teaching that reinforces the final judgment day and ascension found in the Old Testament The Mormon faction assigns holy status upon the Book Of Mormon which sets down the prophecy and history of the Latter Day Saints. Jesus Christ faced Jewish leaders preaching against practices he believed excessive on the steps of the great Solomon temple in Jerusalem. Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem and buried nearby. His ascension to Heaven after his resurrection occurred in the region as well. The Mount of Olives, and the Church of Gethsemane below are also Christian holy ground in Jerusalem. |
The largest Christian contingents are in the city of Jerusalem, however
various Christian missionaries visit Christian holy places described in
the New Testament; places such as the Sea of Galilee or the city of Bethlehem.
Many Christians are American born and work in high technology areas such
as Haifa (Intel), a growing high tech center.
Nationality of Christians found in Israel covers the nationality of the world from Arab to Western nations residing and working in Israel. |
| Buddhism | Based upon the enlightened teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, a young prince in India. The basic tenants of the religion are based upon the three tasks: To do no evil; To cultivate good; To purify one's mind. Buddha's teachings include the four noble truths, the eight fold path, and the Kalama Sutta - a series of three teachings of Buddha in response to questions from the people of Kalama - skeptics of Buddha's teachings which include how to distinguish good teachers from the bad, the Four Exalted Dwellings (Brahma Vihara), and the Four Solaces. Buddhism preaches re-incarnation based upon actions in your previous life as well as preaches to strive for perfection in this life. Factions of Buddhism abound, primarily throughout Asia, with various writings springing up well after the death of Siddhartha Gautama. | The blessed word of Buddha is contained in his lessons as recited by his cousin Ananda, voted upon and committed to memory by a council of Monks and are known as the Sutras. | The number of Buddhist believers is quite small in Israel, with believers
scattered about the country. Many are imported high technology employees
who have brought their families with them, thus will be clustered in and
around high tech centers.
Aside from not wearing traditional Jewish head coverings, only racial features may indicate the Buddhist believer -- the majority are Asian -- either from India, China, or perhaps Japan. |
| Hinduism | Sanatana Dharma -- the eternal faith, based upon the Dharma, the
code of life. Vedanta, the basis of Hinduism, asserts that
Brahman, the 'impersonal' God and the universal soul, is the Absolute Truth.
Brahman
has multiple roles to play: the creator, the maintainer, and the destroyer all in one. (This can be viewed as the origin of the trinity Gods namely Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, respectively). One way to explain the basic Hindu belief system is "... the belief in or worship of one God without denying the existence of others." There are six systems of Indian philosophy (ShhaDarshana). They are Jaimini's Purva Mimansa, Patanjali's yoga, Gautama's Nyaya, Kanada's Vaisheshika, Vyasa's Uttar Mimansa, and Kapila's Sankhya. All the six systems are written in aphorisms (sutras). Though each sutra is just a few lines, huge commentaries have been written on each of them. Rich in the Hindu religious teachings is Karma which loosely translates to "cause and effect". It is anagalous (again loosely) to "do unto other as you would have them do to you" from the Christian parables. |
Hindu Scriptures are broadly classified into Shruti (meaning
'heard'), Smriti (meaning 'remembered') and nyaya (meaning
'logic')
based on its origin not on the mode of transmission. Therefore, shruti means something which were heard (directly from the Gods) by the sages while smriti refers to what was written down and remembered. shruti is considered more authoritative than smriti because the former is believed to have been obtained directly from God by the spiritual experiences of vedic seers and has no interpretations. Vedas constitute the shruti while the rest including Itihaasa-s (epics), PuraaNa-s (moral stories), and Agamas (emanated scriptures) are known as smriti while Vedanta-sutras (vedanta aphorisms) are classified as Nyaya. smriti and Nyaya always agrees with shruti. |
The number of Hindu believers is small in Israel, never-the-less they are found scattered through the country. Many are high tech employees imported from India and thus clustered around high tech centers such as Haifa. Female Hindu believers may have the pattu or dot on their forehead (black for single, red for married). Some very rigorous males may also show the mark. Of course racial features may set apart an Indian practitioner of Hinduism. |
The Political Test
The political test is not an easy proposition either. Nationality may help an immigration service attempting to determine who to deport, however, this may be counter productive since Nationality is not a 100% indicator of political belief. Some political groups are so called political wings of the violent groups so they might enjoy some legal protections. In fact, the situation in Israel today is not unlike that of Ireland in this respect. With so many factions and tough personalities to deal with, it is no surprise Arafat can't control the violence and at the same quite understandable for Israel to decide no one can control the violence other than their own offices. Little wonder that the violence is escalating and war has, for all purposes, been underway since the beginning of August 2001.
The political test could easily be enforced by looking for some sort of party membership. This is reminescent of another Jewish tragedy, the pogrames of Russia which included undesirables such as Polish, Jew or members of the wrong political party. Again, this may be quite difficult for the Jewish psyche to swallow.
The reader should also note that an American born worker may easily
be a Palestinian sympathizer as an Egyptian might just as easily be for
eradication of the Palestinian troublemakers. The following chart
indicates the overwhelming chaos of forces in play and just how difficult
it must be for Israeli and Palestinian leaders alike:
| Name | Description | Political Wing | Size |
| Israeli Defense Forces | Israeli Government's Military which consists of Army, Navy, and Air Force units, as well as several covert and special forces teams focused on the Palestinian infrastructures in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. (Chart comparing Israelis vs Palestinian Preventive Security Force assets) | Several political parties including the Israeli Labor Party led by Erk Barak and the the Likud, a more right leaning alliance of right-of-center groups, formerly led by Benjamin Netanyahu and now in power under the leadership of Airel Sharon a tough right wing anti Palestinian former military commander. The third way is a pro Palestinian group enjoying worldwide liberal support for their calls for appeasement and resolution of the Palestinian problems through mediation and grants of Palestinian rights and land. One key point to the Third Way's position is the retaining rights of Israel to Jerusalem | Active:
173,000+ Reserves: 430,000 |
| Palestinian Preventive Security Force | Security Forces in the Palestinian Territories led by Mohammed Dahlan (Gaza Strip) and Jibril Rajoub (West Bank) - condoned by the 1993 Oslo accords to provide public security and enforcement instead of Israelis in the territories. Rajoub is a former Fatah leader and the United National Leadership of the Uprising (UNLU) | - | Gaza: 18,000 West Bank:
12,000 |
| Izzadin el-Kassim (aka Izz al-Din al-Qassam Forces) | Military wing of Hamas led by Mohammed Deff - Known for bombing attacks, typically a car parked outside of a popular Israeli meeting place. Various members have been jailed by Arafat's Fatah and the police force, only to be later released, making it clear the arrests were shams. Placed bombs on school buses, commute buses, car bombs, shot into crowds with automatic weapons. | Hamas - Led by Sheik Ahmed Yassin - committed to interfering, dramatically with the Middle East peace process, opposes Oslo peace accords (1993). Hamas only recently has become a political and non-action oriented organization. The change occurred as Arafat moved for legitimization of the Palestinian Authority under the Oslo Accords in 1993. | ?10,000 |
| Tanzim | Led by Marwan Barghouti - originally a political organization is now the militia force used by Arafat to bring the intifada - uprising to the streets. Tanzim is directly linked to transfer of weapons and explosives to other groups and suicide bombers. Tanzim has been killing Israeli informants at an amazing rate starting in June of 2001. | Al-Fatah - Arafat's "ruling" party over the Palestinians and organizer of the so called Palestinian infrastructure such as the police force. Since June of 2001, Arafat has shown less and less control of these sub-organizations. | 6,000 - 8,000 |
| Hisballah (Party of God) AKA The Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine | Radical Shia group formed in Lebanon which operates mostly in in the [Al Biqa'] (Bekaa valley), the southern suburbs of Beirut, and southern Lebanon. Publicly claimed responsibility for the car-bombing of Israel's Embassy in Buenos Aires in March 1992. Receives funding, weapons, explosives, and recruits from Iran | - | 2000+ |
| Egyptian Islamic Jihad | Led by Ayman al-Zawahiri - more than 30 years old, this is a well known anti-Semitic terrorist organization that has placed bombs on aircraft, planted bombs on school buses, taken hostages, planted bombs in various civilian buildings, rarely has attacked any military targets. Has attacked and killed Arabs, in and out of government who work with Israelis toward peace. U.S. officials believe the Islamic Jihad played important planning, funding, and execution of the 1998 bombing of U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya. Some believe these were also used as training exercises for more important attacks to come in the future. The original group was responsible for the assassination of Egyptian President Sadat in 1981. | - | ?2000 members
?2000 sympathizers |
| Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) | Originated in the Gaza Strip in the 1970s and consists of loosely affiliated factions receiving funding and weapons from Iran and Syria on an irregular basis. Operates in Egypt as well as the Palestinian territories but is not part of the organizations welcomed by Arafat's Palestinian Authority. Known for suicide bombings in West Bank and Gaza Strip | - | ? |
| Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) | Led by Yassar Arafat, extremely violent anti-Semitic organization. Supposedly ceased violence in September of 1993 as part of Arafat's credentials as the leader of the Palestinian Movement and legitimization of the Palestinian Authority. The Popular Front for Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) split off from the PLO in protest. | - | ? |
| Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) | Formed by George Habash in 1967 and was the place where dissident PLO members moved when Arafat signed the Oslo accords - declaring their violent opposition to the accord's Declaration of Principles. Wadi Haddad, the principle terrorist planner was killed in 1978, ending a decade of extremely heinous attacks. Since then the group has been responsible for various car bombs and planted bombs in buildings against Israeil or moderate Arab targets. | - | 800 |
| Popular Struggle Front (PSF) | Led by Dr. Samir Ghosheh, this group is particilarly violent against moderate Arabs especially in the more affluent sector. Once was closely tied to the Palestinian National Salvation Front, a Syrian led Palestinian terrorist group. | - | <300 |
| Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) | Headed by Nayif Hawatmah, this former PLO membership group split with the PLO in 1993 and continued violence. In 1974 this group responsible for the massacre in Malalot in which 27 Israeli's were killed and 100 wounded. Headquartered in either Syria or Lebanon, with training camps in Syria. Thought to receive aid from Syria and Libya | - | ? 250 |
| Fatah Revolutionary Council (FRC) also known as the Abu Nidal Organziation (ANO) | Led (through 1997) by Abu Nidal and Sabri al-Banna. This terrorist group split from the PLO in 1974 accounting for 90 attacks in 20 countries and kill over 900 people. | - | 200+ |
| Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) | Led by Abu Abbas (pro PLO faction). Abbas led group attacked the cruise ship Achille Lauro and killed disabled U.S. passenger Leon Klinghoffer. Widely publicized by Col. Oliver North during U.S. Senate Hearings. The PLF has since left the PLO structure and openly supported Iraq during the Gulf War and is now has its headquarters there. Openly receives funding from the PLO, Libya and Iraq. | - | 50+ |
| Amn Al Ri’asah | Led by Fasel Sharakh. Also known as Force 17, this is Yassar Arafat's personal security force that from time to time is suspected of taking out targets pointed out by Arafat or his inner circle. | - | ? (50-200) |
| Military Intelligence | Led by Moussa Arafat, additional Security Force reporting to Fatah leadership | - | ? |
The Stamp of Dis-approval
So beyond the typical means for identifying people, means that are not foolproof or perhaps acceptable to the conscious of the Israeli people, what other methods exist for the Israeli government to identify and deport the unwanted? The easiest is the Stamp of Dis-approval. An Israeli military inspector can ask for papers and see if the person in question has an Israeli passport (how many carry their passport on their person if they are in their hometown?). Does an Israeli driver's license list the race or nationality of the driver? More than likely the inspector must look to see if the bearer of papers has citizen status or is a guest worker. But stopping to check papers could be a dangerous task, especially in the tense emotional environment in the Palestinian Territories today.
Could the Jewish mindset allow some external mark to be used to identify those un-desirables? Almost impossible to believe after the use of the Jewish Star in Nazi Germany and the destiny of those so marked in those horrible days. No, there is no way to have a visible mark to distinguish the preferred or the un-desirables.
In the end, the Israelis are faced with accosting citizens on the street or going door to door, checking papers to find those with immigration permits from Lebanon, Syria, or Jordan, looking for the missing loyalty indicator, the imagined Stamp of Dis-approval much like forces in Nazi Germany used.
Thus, without going to this extreme, Israel is faced with requesting Palestinians to leave or making the Palestinian neighborhoods so violent that they will voluntarily leave. The result would only be a partial deportation of undesirables. And of course this method risks Jewish settlers now mixed in the same neighborhoods.
To ensure none of the desirables return, the Israelis will have to increase their border patrols and anti-immigration details to the levels of the mid 1960s. Clearly this places Israel under seige from nearly all outside forces.
In summary, it doesn't appear that Israel will easily rid itself of
the troublesome Palestinians, violence not withstanding. In fact,
regardless of the violence involved, there seems to be good evidence that
there will always be political dissent from the Palestinian who has chosen
to remain and has not been forced to leave.
For information on the Lebanon-Syrian connection to the Israeli-Palestinian
problem, see the MILNET
page at http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/mideast/israel/Syria-tlist.htm
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