Summary of Key Resolutions:

Resolution 660 (August 2, 1990): The resolution condemns the Iraqi invasion as a breach of international peace and security and demands the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The resolution also calls upon Iraq to begin immediate, intensive negotiations to peacefully resolve differences between the two states.

Resolution 661 (August 6, 1990): The resolution affirms the right of individual and collective self-defense in response to the Iraqi attack. It also determines that the independence and territorial integrity of Kuwait should be restored. The resolution imposes mandatory economic sanctions against Iraq and establishes the Sanctions Committee to monitor those sanctions. The following sanctions were imposed: (1) prevention of imports of all commodities and products from Iraq and occupied Kuwait; (2) prohibition of direct or indirect promotion of exports and trans-shipments to Iraq and Kuwait, except for certain medical and humanitarian purposes; (3) blockade of the transfer of any funds or other economic resources to the Iraqi government or any other enterprises within Iraq and Kuwait; and (4) prohibition of the remittance of funds to any organizations or individuals except for strictly medical or humanitarian purposes. It urges all states to take appropriate measures to protect the assets of the legitimate government of Kuwait and its agencies and not to recognize any regime in Kuwait set up by Iraq.

Resolution 662 (August 9, 1990): The resolution decides that the annexation of Kuwait by Iraq under any form has no legal validity and repeats the demand that Iraq withdraw its forces from Kuwait immediately and unconditionally. It determines to restore sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity to Kuwait, as well as the authority of the legitimate government of Kuwait.

Resolution 664 (August 18, 1990): The resolution demands that Iraq (1) facilitate immediate departure of detained foreign nationals from Iraq and Kuwait; (2) grant immediate access of consular officials to such nationals; and (3) take no actions to jepardize the safety or health of these nationals. The resolution reaffirms that Iraq’s invasion is null and void and demands that Iraq rescind its order for closure of diplomatic missions in Kuwait and withdrawal of their personnel’s immunity.

Resolution 665 (August 25, 1990): The resolution calls upon member states with maritime forces in the area to use “measures commensurate to specific circumstances,” including military force, to halt shipping in order to inspect and verify cargoes and ensure strict implementation of the trade embargo.

Resolution 666 (September 13, 1990): The resolution calls for tight controls of humanitarian aid to Iraq, permitting shipments of food and medicine only under the most dire circumstances and with Security Council approval. The resolution requires distribution of such shipments by international humanitarian agencies.

Resolution 667 (September 16, 1990): The resolution condemns Iraq’s violation of diplomatic premises and personnel in Iraq and Kuwait, including abduction of foreign nationals. It demands the immediate release of such foreign nationals as well as all nationals mentioned in resolution 664.

Resolution 669 (September 24, 1990): The resolution asks the Sanctions Committee to recommend a response to States requesting assistance with economic problems arising from the implementation of those sanctions.

Resolution 670  (September 25, 1990): The resolution condemns Iraq’s annexation and continued occupation of Kuwait; mistreatment of persons and property in Kuwait; and the flagrant violation of UN resolutions. It calls for strict compliance with the sanctions against Iraq, calling for an extension of the trade embargo to shipments of goods by air. It considers imposing sanctions against countries that do not observe resolution 667 and previous UN resolutions.

Resolution 674 (October 29, 1990): This resolution demands that the Iraqi authorities and occupying forces immediately cease and desist from taking third-State nationals hostage, mistreating and oppressing Kuwaiti and third-State nationals and any other such actions reported to the Council. These actions include the destruction of Kuwaiti demographic records, the forced departure of Kuwaitis, the relocation of population in Kuwait and the unlawful destruction and seizure of public and private property in Kuwait. Such acts are in violation of the decisions of the Council, the Charter of the United Nations, the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Times of War, The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 18 April 1961, the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 24 April 1963, and international law. It also demands that Iraq ensure immediate access to food, water and basic services necessary to the protection and well-being of Kuwait nationals and of third-State nationals in Kuwait and Iraq.

Resolution 677  (November 29, 1990): This resolution condemns the attempts by Iraq to alter the demographic composition of Kuwait and to destroy the civil records maintained by the legitimate Government of Kuwait. It mandates the UN Secretary-General to take custody of a copy of the population register of Kuwait.

Resolution 686 (March 2, 1991): The resolution notes the suspension of offensive combat operations and demands that Iraq implement all twelve relevant Security Council resolutions (Resolutions 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667 ,669, 670, 674, 677, and 678). In particular, the resolution demands that Iraq immediately rescind attempts to annex Kuwait, accept its liability under international law for any loss, damage, or injury arising in regard to Kuwait and third States and their nationals and corporations, as a result of the invasion and illegal occupation of Kuwait by Iraq. Also, the resolution calls for the immediate release of all detained Kuwaitis and third-State nationals, as well as the remains of any members of these two groups. The resolution also mandates that Iraq immediately begin to return all Kuwaiti property seized, cease hostile or provocative actions by its forces against all Member States, and arrange for immediate access to and release of all prisoners of war under the auspices of the International Committee of the Red Cross and return the remains of any deceased personnel of the Kuwaiti and Member state forces cooperating with Kuwait pursuant to the resolution.

Resolution 687 (April 3, 1991): The resolution establishes detailed measures for a cease-fire, including the deployment of a United Nations observer unit, and arrangements for demarcating the Iraq-Kuwait border. It also demands the removal or destruction of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction and measures to prevent their reconstitution under the supervision of a Special Commission and the Director General of the IAEA. It also creates a compensation fund to cover direct loss and damage resulting from Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. The resolution also demands Iraq renounce all involvement with terrorism, and permit no terrorist organizations to operate in Iraq.

Resolution 688 (April 5, 1991): The resolution demands that Iraq end repression of the civilian population in many parts of Iraq, including Kurdish-populated areas, which created massive refugee flows towards and across international borders.  The resolution also insists that Iraq allow immediate access by international humanitarian organizations to all those in need of assistance.

Eventually, Iraqi defiance of this resolution resulted in the coaltion from the Gulf War (principally the U.S., U.K. and France) to create and patrol a Southern No Fly Zone on Aug. 26, 1992, obstensibly to protect Shi'a populations in the South.   Similarly, the Northern No Fly Zone was created in January of 1997 to protect Kurds in the North - citing this resolution as the authorization.  France withdrew from air operations in 1998 after Operation Desert Fox struck targets in Iraq (see Resolution 1205 below).

Resolution 707 (August 15, 1991):  The resolution expressly demands Iraq to disclose ballistic missile development and deployable/deployed units that can carry a payload 150 km or more, restates the requirement for Iraq to comply with WMD inspections by the IAEA by providing "immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access to any and all areas, facilities, equipment, records and means of transportation which they wish to inspect", halt all nuclear activities of all types, and requires Iraq to comply with the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of July 1968.

Resolution 715 (October 11, 1991): The resolution reinforces earlier requirements for IAEA inspections in Iraq, and instructs Iraq on their responsibilities in support of the Director General of the IAEA.

Resolution 949 (October 15, 1994):  The resolution condemns recent military deployments by Iraq in the direction of the border with Kuwait; Demands that Iraq immediately complete the withdrawal of all military units recently deployed to southern Iraq to their original positions;  Demands that Iraq not again utilize its military or any other forces in a hostile or provocative manner to threaten either its neighbours or United Nations operations in Iraq;  Demands therefore that Iraq not redeploy to the south  or take any other action  to enhance its military capacity in southern Iraq;  Demands that Iraq cooperate fully with the United Nations Special Commission.  (resulted in Operation Desert Strike, which attacked key elements of the offending Iraqi forces, forcing them well back into Iraq).

Resolution 986 (April 14, 1995): The resolution provides for the "Oil for Food" program, allowing Iraq to sell enough crude to result in revenues to a U.N. trust account of 1 Billion Dollars per 90 day period (1 quarter), with revenues useable to purchase humanitarian goods only for the Iraqi people.

Resolution 1051 (March 26, 1996):  The Resolution once again sets out the procedure for IAEA inspections in Iraq and demands Iraq provide unfettered access to any sites at any time and to respond directly and accurately to questions from the Special Commision and to provide material aid and support to members of the commision as they perform their inspection duties.

Resolution 1060 (June 12, 1996):  The resolution deplores" Iraq's refusal to allow access to UN inspectors and Iraq's "clear violations" of previous UN resolutions. Iraq must cooperate fully with UN weapons inspectors and allow immediate, unconditional and unrestricted  access.

Resolution 1115 (June 21, 1997):  The resolution condemns repeated refusal of Iraqi authorities to allow access to UN inspectors, which constitutes a "clear and flagrant violation" of UNSCR 687, 707, 715, and 1060. Iraq must cooperate fully with UN weapons inspectors and allow immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access. Iraq must give immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access to Iraqi officials whom UN inspectors want to interview.

Resolution 1134 (October 23, 1997): The resolution condemns repeated refusal of Iraqi authorities to allow access to UN inspectors, which constitutes a "flagrant violation" of UNSCR 687, 707, 715, and 1060. Iraq must cooperate fully with UN weapons inspectors and allow immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access. Iraq must give immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access to Iraqi officials whom UN inspectors want to interview.

Resolution 1137 (November 12, 1997):  The resolution condemns the continued violations by Iraq of previous UN resolutions, including its "implicit threat to the safety of" aircraft operated by UN inspectors and its tampering with UN inspector monitoring equipment. Reaffirms Iraq's responsibility to ensure the safety of UN inspectors. Iraq must cooperate fully with UN weapons inspectors and allow immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access.

Resolution 1154 (March 2, 1998):   The resolution demands that Iraq must cooperate fully with UN and IAEA weapons inspectors and allow immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access, and notes that any violation would have the "severest consequences for Iraq."

Resolution 1194 (September 9, 1998):  The resolution condemns the decision by Iraq of 5 August 1998 to suspend cooperation with UN and IAEA inspectors, which constitutes "a totally unacceptable contravention" of its obligations under UNSCR 687, 707, 715, 1060, 1115,  and 1154. Iraq must cooperate fully with UN and IAEA weapons inspectors, and allow immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access.

Resolution 1205 (November 5, 1998):   The resolution condemns the decision by Iraq of 31 October 1998 to cease cooperation with UN inspectors as "a flagrant  violation" of UNSCR 687 and other resolutions.  Iraq must provide "immediate, complete and unconditional cooperation" with UN and IAEA inspectors.  Non compliance with this resolution resulted in the coalition attacks on strategic targets in Iraq,  led by the U.S. in operation Desert Fox in December of 1998.

Resolution 1284 (December 17, 1999):  The resolution created the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspections Commission (UNMOVIC) to replace previous weapon inspection team (UNSCOM). Iraq must allow UNMOVIC "immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access" to Iraqi officials and facilities. Iraq must fulfill its commitment to return Gulf War prisoners. Calls on Iraq to distribute humanitarian goods and medical supplies to its people and address the needs of vulnerable Iraqis without discrimination.
 

On September 12, 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush declared at the U.N., that Iraq had practiced deceit and denial to defy U.N. resolutions for 11 years and that Iraq had broken every promise made in response to the U.N. resolutions, his support document calling out 16 resolutions that Iraq has defied (the President's document points out that this is only a partial list).