A hard covered hardcopy of this briefing is available for purchase online, click here.

 

Name Role Country/ Manu. Power Plant Launcher Type Stealth Type Wing Span Length Height Weight Speed Ceiling Range Endurance Sensors Data Link Guidance Recovery
Brevel Tactical Surveillance, Damage Assessment France & Germany/ GIE 1 - Piston Engine, 22hp Rocket Booster/Truck Low-Medium Observable thru small size 11.15 ft 7.41 ft 2.99 ft 331lbs 81 kts 13,000ft 27-43nm 4 hrs FLIR/ ETV/EW ECM HF, RT Images PP/RC Parachute, Airbag
Canard Rotor Wing Recon/ Surveillance USA, MacDac 1 - low bypass turbofan,700 lbs thrust VTOL Low-Medium Observable thru small size 14 ft 17.25 ft 5.25ft 1785 w/200 lb payload 375 kts max 10,000 ft 980 nm 3 hrs at 150 mi mis. R Variable, All - PP/GPS VTOL
Crecerrelle Tactical Recon Target Acquisition France, Group SAGEM 1 - piston Engine, 26 hp Catapult on Truck Low-Medium Observable thru small size 10..83 ft 9.02 ft 2.33 ft 265 lbs with 77 lb payload 133 kt max, or loiter at 65 kts 11,000 ft 32 nm 5+hrs SAT Cyclops 2000, IIRLS, FLIR, EW TTL RC, RT images PP/RC/ GPS Parachute, or belly skid
Cypher Close range Battlefield Surveillance, mine detection USA, Sikorsky Aircraft 1 - Alvis AR801 rotary piston, 52 hp VTOL Low-Medium Observable thru small size 6.50 ft diam - 2.0 ft 300 lbs / 45 lb payload 80 kts 5,000 ft. 16 nm 3 hrs TV, FLIR, Com Relay, EW RC, RT images RC, Autonomous GPS/INS VTOL
D-21 Recon/ Surveillance USA, Lockheed 1 - Marquardt RJ-43 MA-3 Ramjet M-12 (SR-71) Blackbird w optional rocket boost from other aircraft Low due to design and paint 19 ft 43 ft 6 ft 11,000 lbs Mach 3.5+ 90,000 ft + 3,500+(mother aircraft's range) - Hycon Optical Camera, wet film None PP/INS/ Stellar Camera and film pod only
DR.3/VR3 Tactical Recon/ Surveillance Russia, Tupolev 1 - TR-3 117 turbojet, 1,301 lbs thrust Rocket Boost from truck or aircraft Low-Medium Observable thru small size 7.38 ft 6.89 ft (> 26 ft with booster) - 3,064 lbs to 3,108 lbs (Film or TV) 500 kts 600-3,280 ft 38 nm 13 min PA-1 cam or CHibis B TV cam Video PP Parachute
DarkStar (Tier III-) Recon/ Surveillance, plus others in development USA, Lockheed Martin
Cancelled '99
1 Williams FJ-44-1A turbofan, 11,900 lbs thrust Wheeled (4000 feet) Ultra stealth design 69 ft 15ft 5 ft 8600 lbs w 1000 lb payload 250+ kts 45,000 ft 4,000+ mi 8 hrs (500 mile mission radius) Elect-Optical IR or SAR; active and passive ESM X-band-Comlink for LOS, UHFD and KU band for Sat uplink non l LOS PP, autonomous Wheeled
Desert-Hawk/
FPASS
Area Surveillance/
Security/Force Prot.
USA, Lockheed Martin
Electric
Embedded
Small styrofoam
4 ft
3 ft
6"
5 lb incl
1 lb pay
-
1000 ft
5 nm
60-90 min
Vis or uncooled IR
-
RC
Embedded
Dragon-Eye
Recon/ Surveillance, Tracking, Acquisition
USA,BAI/
AeroVironment
Deployed
Twin Electric
Embeeded
Small straight wing
3.8 ft
2.4 ft
6 "
4.65 lb
-
1000 ft
2.5-10 km
45-60 min
EO, IR, Low Light TV
-
RC
Embedded
Dragon- Warrior
Recon, Suveilliance, Precision Targeting, BDA, COMs relay
USA, BRL, USMC
-
Embedded skid
Materials, size
9 ft
rotor
span
7 ft
1.5 ft
340 lb,
35 lb
payload

18,000 ft
50 nm
3-5 hrs
EO, IR, Laser Range Finder, interchangeable
COMS relay package
-
RC
Embedded
Eagle Eye (Tilt Rotor) Recon/ Surveillance, target acquisition USA, Bell Textron 1 - Allison 250-C20 JP8 fueled Embedded Composite Construction 15.20 ft 17.90ft - 2000 lb w 300 lb payload 200 kts 20,000ft - 8-hrs(100lbs payload) JT-UAV C band , others JT-UAV EO/IR sensor JT-UAV/TAC3 GCS Embedded
Eye-View Recon/ Surveillance, Target Acquisition Israel, IAI Malat 1 - 25 hp piston Wheeled None /Low-Medium Observable thru small size 13 ft 9.5 ft - 230 lbs w 30 lb payload 100+ kts 5000+ ft 150 nm 6+ hrs Elec Opt or FLIR - Inertial Wheeled
Exdrone EW, Recon, Comm Relay USA, BAI Aerosystems Inc. 1 - 5.2 hp or 22 hp piston Rocket or Pneumatic None /Low-Medium Observable thru small size 8 ft 5.25 ft - 77 lbs w 43 lbs payload 100+kts loiter 39-65 kts -- 65 nm - Color TV RT images, L Band RC/ GPS auto -nav Parachute/ Skid
Firebee BQM-34 / AQM-34L Recon USA, Teledyne Ryan
Proto,
Cancelled '93
1-J-69 jet, 1,920 lbs thrust Mother Drop (B-52 or C-130) None (Some may have had anti-radar paint) 13ft 29ft 6.8 ft 3200lbs 630 kts 50,000 (typical mission alt 200-300 ft) 750 mi (450 kts) - Film Camera None RC Parachute
Fire Scout
RQ-9
Recon
USA, Northrup, NAVY
Turbojet?
Embedded Skid
Materials
27.5 ft
rotor span
22.9 ft
6 ft?
2650 lbs
300 lb payload
-
19,000 ft
150 nm
5+ hurs
Multi-mission payload
-
RC
Embedded Skid
Fox AT TX EW Recon / Surveillance, Electronic Warfare France, CAC Systems 1- Limbach L275E 22hp piston Bungee or Pneumatic (ground or ship) None /Low-Medium Observable thru small size 11.81 ft. 9.02 ft - 253.5 lbs w 55lb payload 97 kts 13,000+ ft. 135nm 5 hrs Fixed or gyro- stabilized TV cameras, FLIR, thermal sensors, Linescan 6000 pts-1 VHF or radar jammers; NGC sensors RT up/down links, tracking antenna PP/RC, INS/GPS Parachute or belly landing
GlobalHawk (Tier II-)
RQ-4
Recon/ Surveillance High Endurance, High Altitude, Long Range
IOC FY 2006
USA, Teledyne Ryan 1 - Allison Rolls Royce AE3007H turbofan at 7,050 lb thrust Wheeled (5,000 ft) Low-Medium thru design, but low cost and no exotic materials 116.2 ft 44 ft 15.2 ft 22,914 lbs with 22000 lb payload 350 kts 65,000 ft 14,500 mi 42 hrs Elect opt., IR and SAR; active and passive ESM X band command uplink, UHFS and KU band sat-link for non LOS conditions, RT image downlink PP/ autonomous Wheeled
GNAT 750 (Predator pre-cursor) Recon/ surveillance, Target Acquisition or Designation, com relay, EW or SIGINT USA, General Atomics Aeronautical Systems 1 - Rotax 582 piston at 63hp or Rotax 912 at 80hp Wheeled None /Low-Medium Observable thru small size 35.27 ft 17.40 ft 1.64 ft 1,140 lbs w 140 lb payload 60-70 kts 25,000 ft 2600nm 40 hrs Photograph, TV or Elec Opt cameras, FLIR, radar, active and passive ESM, laser-range-finder/designator ELINT comm relay C band LOS command link, RT images PP/RC Wheeled
Hermes 450 In Development Israel, Silver Arrow 2 - 25hp rotary piston engine Wheeled None 33.5 ft 20.5 ft - 1000lbs 100+ kts 25,000 ft 500 nm 24+ hrs Elec-opt. camera or FLIR Microwave for command chan. Inertial Wheeled
HAE UAV Adverse weather, long-endurance, wide-area, day/night reconnaissance and surveillance capability in both a low-observable and conventional U.S. DoD Joint program See Globalhawk and Darkstar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heron Long endurance, all weather, real-time surveillance, SIGINT Israel, MALAT 1 -4 stroke, turbo charged piston, 100hp, variable pitch prop Wheeled None 54.5 ft 27.80 ft - 2,400 lb w 500 lbs payload 120 kts 35,000ft - 40 hrs Day and Night optics, radar, ELINT, COMINT, ESM, com relay RC uplink, RT Image downlink PP/RC, GPS Wheeled w brakes
Hunter
RQ-5
Recon/ Surveillance, Target Acquisition Israel, USA,Israel Aircraft Industries; TRW
"Sunset" system
41 units fielded
2 - Motto Guzzi piston engines at 68hp Wheeled w opt. rocket boost None 29.20 ft 22.64 ft - 1600 lbs w 250 lb payload 110 kts 15,000 ft 81 nm 12 hrs IAI Taman MOSP 1-2 TV cameras FLIR; laser designator Al Etta C-ban RT uplink (20 and downlink (2), on board imagery record. PP/RC Wheeled, emergency parachute
Ka-37 Aerial Photography, com relay, search and rescue, aerial resupply Russia, Kamov OKB 1 - 60hp piston engine VTOL Medium-Observable thru size 15.75 ft 9.43 ft 5.38ft 551 lbs w 110 lb payload 59 kts 5,200 ft - 45 min Cameras, com relay, or other customer requirements RC uplink PP/RC VTOL
Javelin Recon USA, BAI Aerosystems, Inc. 1 - 2 stroke or electric Hand Low Observable thru small size and material 8 ft 5.7 ft 1.7 ft 20 lbs w 3.2 lb payload 55 kts - - 45 min Stabilized color TV camera w zoom, tilt and pan 1.8 Ghz video and data, 450 Mhz uplink GPS auto-navigate -
Lark Radar Jamming or attack, decoy or Recon South Africa, Kentron 1 - Alvis rotary 38hp piston engine Rocket boost from truck or container Low Observable thru small size and material 6.89 ft 7.98 ft 1.8 ft 245.5 lbs w 44 lb warhead/ payload 343 kts in dive 14,765 ft 216 nm 2hr 30min Radar seeker (2-10 Ghz or .7-18 Ghz) ? PP/GPS Parachute for non attack mode
Mart MK II Battlefield Recon, Surveillance, Target Acquisition France, Altec Industries SA 1 x TTL WAE 342-30A piston engine at 25 hp Bungee catapult from trailer Medium- Observable thru size 11.15 ft 10.58 ft 2.33 ft 242.5 lbs w 55 lb payload 119 kts, loiter at 48-65 kts 9,850 ft 27-54 nm 4 hrs B/W or Color CCD TV camera, IRLS, LLTV, flares, EGM/ESM RC uplink RT video downlink RC with widen angle video camera Parachute or belly land
Marula Tactical Recon, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, anti radar France, SAGEM/ Aeronautique et Systems 1 - Alvis 38 hp rotary engine Rocket boost from truck Low Observable thru small size 7.55 ft 6.89 ft 2.30 ft 297.5 lbs 77lb payload 135 kts (270 in dive) loiter at 97 kts 13,125 ft. 216 nm 5+ hrs FLIR; EW, radar seeker RC uplink, Video/ telemetry downlink PP/GPS/INS navigation Parachute and airbag
Mirach 26 Battlefield Surveillance, Target Acquisition or designation, EW, com relay Italy, Meteor CAE 1 - Sachs 350 piston engine at 27 hp Rocket boot from truck Medium- Observable thru size 15.52 ft 12.63 ft 4.17 ft 520 lbs with 110 lb payload 119 kts, loiter at 78 kts 11,480 ft 54 nm 6+ hrs Elec-Optical or IR camera; laser range finder, ELINT COMINT active and passive ESM, com relay Secure RC uplink, RT or delayed image downlink PP/RC, GPS auto pilot Parachute
Neptune
Area Surveillance,
Tactical Recon
USA, DRS Unmanned
1 rear facing pistion engine
Pneumatic
Delta Wing, small, materials
7 ft
6 ft
1.1 ft
20 lbs
-
8,000 ft.,
40 nm
4+ hrs
IR, Color Video, or Drop package
Digital, low multi-path
RC
-
Outrider
RQ-6
Surveillance, Target Acquisition USA, Alliant Techsystems, Inc.
Cancelled '99
1 McCulloch 4318F 4 cyl pusher 300 ft unimproved strip Medium-Observable thru size 11.1 ft 9.32 ft - 425 lbs w 140 lbs payload 120 kts, loiter at 57 kts 15,000 ft 125 mi 4+ hrs Daylight TV; FLIR RC uplink, RT image and data downlink PP Automatic wheeled, parachute for emerg.
Pathfinder (HALSOL) Experimental Research USA, AeroVironment Inc. Brushless DC, solar powered Wheeled None 98.40 ft - - 540 lb, w 88 lb payload 31 kts 70,000 ft. - - Solar array - 2.8 to 8.0 kW RC uplink, telemetry downlink RC Wheeled
Perseus Research USA, Aurora Flight Sciences 1 - turbocharged piston, at 80 hp Wheeled w aero-tow None 58.75 ft 26.74 ft - 2,205 lbs w 441 lb payload - 65,000+ ft - 24 hrs Drops sounders, hygrometers, and Particle measuring probes UHF RC uplink - Wheeled
Phoenix Battlefield Surveillance, Target Acquisition, artillery spotting UK, GEC-Marconi Avionics Ltd. 1 - TTL WAE 342 piston engine at 25 hp Pneumatic or hydraulic catapult off truck None 18.04 ft - - 386 lbs w 110lb payload 90 kts - - 5 hrs Turret mounted IR Narrow beam J band command uplink, RT image downlink PP fully autonomous Parachute
Pioneer Surveillance USA, Pioneer 1 - Sachs SF 350 piston engine at 26 hp Wheeled w opt. catapult or rocket boost Medium- Observable thru size 16.76 ft 13.98 ft -- 419 lbs w 99 lb payload 95 kts, loiter at 60 kts 12,000 ft - 5+ hrs Moked 200 TV camer or Mokod 400 FLIR RC uplink RT or delayed images/data downlink PP/RC Wheeled w hook, or net on ship
Pointer D-2 Close range Surveillance, Target Acquisition USA, AeroVironment Inc 1 - 300 W electric motor, w lithium or nicad batteries Hand Low-Medium-Observable thru size 9.00 ft 6.00 ft - 8 lbs w 2 lb payload 43 kts, loiter 19 kts 985 ft 4.3 nm 20min on nicad, 1 :15 on lithium B/w or color LLTV camera, FLIR or chem sensor RC uplink RT video downlink RC, GPS nav optl. belly landing
Predator - (derived from GNAT 750)
Several derivitates
MQ-9 A/B
Recon and Target Acquisition, Hellfire Missile USA, General Atomics 1 - Rotax 912 piston engine at 80 hp, turbocharger option Wheeled None 48.40 ft 26.70 ft 3.17 ft 2,080 lbs w 450 lb payload 60 kts 25,000 ft 3000 nm 24 hrs Film or TV camera, SAR, FLIR IRLS, ELINET COMINT, active and passive ESM, laser range finder, designator com relay and weapons capable RC uplink (C-band for LOS), UHF and KU band Sat links for non -LOS, RT Image/data downlink PP/RC Wheeled, arrestor hook, skids, or parachute
Ranger Recon, Surveillance Switzerland, Oerlikon-Contraves 1 - Gobler-Hirth F-31 piston engine at 38 hp Hydraulic catapult(with rails) None 18.7 ft. 15.1 ft 3.7 ft 595 lbs w 86 lbs payload 119 kts 15,000 ft 62 nm 5 hrs TV, FLIR, FLIR and TG, TV with Laser designator, or FLIR with Laser designator Microwave or UHF uplink, Microwave video and telemetry downlinks PP/RC Wheeled with hook, skids, or parachute
Raptor Boost Phase Intercept of Theatre Ballistic Missiles USA, Scaled Composites Inc. 1 - Rotax 912 turbocharged piston engine at 80hp From Top of HMMV, opt. tow or rocket boost None 66 ft. 25 ft. - 1,800 lbs w 150 lb payload 247 kt 65,000 ft. - 48 hrs IR sensor/tracking, MWIR detection - RC skids, or possible wheeled
Raven Surveillance and Recon UK, Flight Refueling Ltd. 1 - Sachs Dolmar piston engine at 13 hp Bungee catapult on trailer rail Medium-Observable thru size 11.81 ft. 10.50 ft. 2.71 ft. 185 lbs w payload of 38 lbs 110 kts, loiter 48 kts 14,000 ft. 54 nm 4 hrs Daylight or LLTV, FLIR, others RC uplink RT video downlink RPP/RC, GPS navigation Parachute or belly skid
RPO Midget Brigade level Recon, Surveillance Sweden, TechMent AB 1 - 14hp two stroke, fueled by Benzine wheeled 33-66 ft or jump start Low-Medium-Observable thru size 6.56 ft. 5.9 ft. 3.1 ft. 99.20 lbs w payload of 44 lbs 18-81 mph - 62.1 mi 3-4 hrs Non-stabilized or stabilized camera, CCD or IR downward looking cameras. Forward looking CCD for piloting L band for 2 video channels / range to 62.1 miles GPS and INS Wheeled in < 10 meters
Seamos Maritime Surveillance, OTH Target Acquisition./designation Germany, Deutsche Aerospace (Dornier) 1 - Allison 25O-C@0W turboshaft, 420 shp VTOL (rotar) Medium-Observable thru size 20 ft. 9.35 ft. 8.29 ft. 2,337 lbs w 308.5 lbs payload 90 kts 13,125 ft. - 4 hrs Radar or Electro-optical RC uplink, RT image data downlink PP, GPS/INS VTOL
Searcher Long Endurance Surveillance and Target Acquisition Israel, Israel Aircraft Industries, MALAT 47hp Wheeled Medium-Observable thru size 25.1 ft. 16.7 ft. 4.1 ft. 880 lb w payload 150 lbs 110 kts, loiter at 60 kts 17,000 ft. - 12 hrs TV and/or LFIR Redundant RC uplink, RT video downlink PP/RC Wheeled, hook or net
Seeker Recon, Target Acquisition, artillery spotting, com relay South Africa, Kentron Division of Denel PTY 1 - 50 hp piston engine Wheeled Medium-Observable thru size 22.97 ft. 14.55 ft. 4.27 ft. 562 lbs w 88 lb payload 120 kts, loiter at 65 kts 16,000 ft. 108 nm 9-12 hrs Daylight color or LLTV camera, FLIR, Com relay, meteorological, chemical detection O-band RC uplink, UHF backup, RT image/data downlink PP/RC Wheeled, hook
Sentinel Recon, Surveillance, Target Acquisition or designation, EW, com relay Canada, Bombardier Inc, Defense Systems Division 1 - Williams International WTS34-16 turboshaft at 51.5 shp (WTS125 upgrade in progress) Auto VTOL (rotor) Low-Observable thru size 9.19 ft 2.1 ft diameter 5.38 ft. 419 lbs w payload 75-99 lbs 77 kts 9,840 ft. 32.5 nm 3.5 hrs. TV; FLIR, com relay, active EW RC uplink, RT video downlink RC/GPS VTOL (auto land on ship)
Shadow 200
RQ-7
Recon Surveillance, Target Acquisition, BDA, artillery spotting USA, AAI Corporation, Army
Deployed
1 - UAV Engines 741 Rotary at 37 (gas) or AHF-12 diesel at 25 hp Rail or wheel Low-Observable thru size 12.75 ft. 11..0 ft. - 327  lb  payload 60 lbs 150 kts, cruise at 84 kts 15,000 ft. 68 nm
4 hrs TV LLIR, meteorological - PP/RC, GPS, data link or dead reckoning Net or wheel
Shmel Battlefield Surveillance, EW Russia, AS Yakovlev OEB 1 - Samara/Trud (Kuznetsof) P-032 piston engine at 32 hp Rocket boosted from container on vehicle Low-Observable thru size 10.66 ft. 9.12 ft. 3.61 ft. 287 lbs w payload 154 lbs 97 kts 9,850 ft. 32 nm 2 hrs. Daylight TV; IRLS; WW jammer RC uplink, RT video downlink RC Parachute or parafoil
Sperwer Tactical recon, Surveillance France, SAGEM SA 1 70hp 2 stroke piston engine ? ?
13.5 ft. - - 100 lb payload 138 kts, loiter at 65 kts 17,000 ft. 120 mi - FLIR RT video downlink PP, GPS/INS Parachute, airbag
StrikeStar
UCAV SEAD (Suppression of enemy Air Defense)
US-Boeing
?
?
Low-Observable thru size and materials "Stealthy"
35ft
27
?
?
?
?
?
?
reconfigurable for different missions.  Can carry JDAM or small diameter bombs.
Line of sight and SATCOM communications/telemetry ?
?
TRA Model 154 (AQM-91A) Recon USA, Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical 1 - GE YJ-97-GE-3 turbojet at 4000 lbs thrust Air drop (C-130E) None or Radar abs paint 47.68 ft. 34.2 ft. - 5400 lbs 440+ kts 78,000+ ft. 1900 nm 4+ hrs Optical camera Microwave control channel INS Parachute w C-130 MARS recovery system
UAOS Battlefield Surveillance, Target Acquisition artillery spotting South Africa, Advance Technologies & Engineering Co. PTY (ATE) 1 - 22 hp piston engine Bungee from vehicle rail Medium-Observable thru size 16.60 ft. 9.45 ft. 2.72 ft. 2756.6 lbs w payload 81.6 lbs 108 kts 16,5000 ft. 32.5 nm 3+ hrs Daylight Monochrome TV FLIR, or com relay RT video downlink + 2 way data link Fully autonomous PP or semi-auto RC Parachute and belly skid
TUAV Tactical UAV, Recon, Surveillance US Army, Navy, Marine Corps - Optional Takeoff-Landing Medium Observable - - - - - - - - - - - -
UAV-X1 Short Range Recon and Surveillance Turkey, Tusas Aerospace Industries, TAI 1 - Norton NR-801 at 42hp Wheeled Medium-Observable thru size 19.6 ft. 13.1 ft. 16.3 ft. 540 lbs w 100 lb payload 120 kts. 15,000 ft.- - - Daylight TV RC uplink RT video downlink RC GPS option Wheeled
UCAR
Ummanned Combat Armed Rotocraft
Tactcal Recon and attack
USA, Navy/DARPA
Turbojet
Wheeled
Low observable, materials, shape
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
UCAV - AF
X-45A
Tactical Recon, SEAD
Prototype
USA, DARPA
Turbojet?
Wheeled
Proto is not protected
33,8 ft
26.3 ft
3-4 ft
12 K lb,
1.5K lb payload
0.75 M
35,000 ft
1,500 nm
1.5 hr
All
-
Semi-Autonmous
Wheeled
UCAV - AF
X-45C
Tactacl Recon, SEAD
Combat Vehicle
IOC FY2008
USA, ?
JOINT
Turbojet? Wheeled
Stealth Shape and materials
48 ft
36 ft
-
35 K lb,
4.5 K lb payload
0.85 M
40,000 ft
1,500 nm
1.5nm,
2+ hr combat radius
All
-
Semi-Autonomous
Wheeled,
Expendable
but expensive
UCAV - Navy X-46/47
Tactical Recon, Attack
IOC FY2015
USA, Boeing or Northrup,, DARPA
Turbojet?
Wheeled
Stealth Shape and Materials
50 ft
40 ft
-
28 K, lb,
5.5K lb
payload
-
40,000 ft
1,500
12 hrs
All
-
Semi-Autonomous
Wheeled,
Expendable
but expensive
W570A High Altitude Endurance for Surveillance, Recon, and various INTs USA, Frontier Systems Inc 2 - Williams FJ44-2 turbofans tot 4600 lbs thrust auto wheeled None 160 ft. 25 ft, - 26,000 to 45,000 lbs w payload 10,000 lbs Mach 0.7, loiter at Mach 0./5 to 0.65, 70,000 ft. 18,000 nm 60 hrs. Long range RADARS EO/IR sensors, SIGINT LOS and SATCOM for up to 500 mbits/sec from VHUF to Ku-Band, multiple channels Triple redundant GPS/INS, autonomous or operator intervention Auto land, wheeled